A.• Energy Density vs. Power Density: BESS offer higher energy density (store more energy per unit volume), while supercapacitors excel at delivering high power quickly.
• Cycle Life: Supercapacitors have a very long cycle life; batteries degrade more quickly over repeated cycles.
• Duration of Discharge: BESS is well-suited for longer-duration applications (minutes to hours), whereas supercapacitors are ideal for short, high-power bursts (seconds to minutes).

A.A.Battery energy storage system (BESS) is a technology that uses lithium-ion batteries as the core to achieve efficient storage and release of electrical energy through battery packs, management systems, and power conversion devices. It is mainly applied in power grid peak shaving, renewable energy integration, and distributed energy management, and has the characteristics of high energy density, fast response, and long cycle life.

A.Modern energy grids increasingly depend on variable renewable sources, like solar and wind. This variability means supply does not always match demand. A BESS smooths power output, provides backup power during outages, and helps maintain grid frequency and voltage. This reliability benefit is crucial for power quality and grid stability.

A.In solar and wind installations, BESS stores excess energy during periods of high generation, then releases that stored energy during low generation or peak demand. This application helps stabilize output and reduces curtailment (wasting potential generation).

A.By rapidly injecting or absorbing power, BESS can help maintain the grid’s frequency close to its nominal value (e.g., 50 Hz or 60 Hz). When there’s a mismatch between supply and demand, BESS can quickly respond to stabilize frequency.